This review summarizes the mechanisms, common medications affected, and practical implications of grapefruit juice-drug interactions to date. While grapefruit juice is best known for its ability to increase plasma drug concentrations, more recent research has identified situations where it has the opposite effect. 3 Felodipine is the most extensively studied medication related to grapefruit juice-drug interactions, but hundreds of studies and articles have been written on this topic since its initial discovery more than 25 years ago. This unexpected finding led to subsequent investigations and a 1991 publication in the Lancet, which reported an almost 3-fold increased bioavailability of felodipine when taken with grapefruit juice. 2 To their surprise, when the medication was taken with nonintoxicating amounts of grapefruit juice-flavored ethanol, Bailey and his colleagues detected felodipine concentrations severalfold higher than previous studies would have predicted. 1 Following an evening of taste-testing from the home refrigerator, assuming that fruit juice would not affect the outcome, they chose white grapefruit as the most effective vehicle to mask the flavor of ethanol for this study. In 1989, David Bailey and his colleagues at the University of Western Ontario designed a study to assess the interaction between ethanol and the calcium channel blocker felodipine (Plendil). Interactions of antidepressants, mood-stabilisers and antipsychotics with food.The discovery that grapefruit juice could affect the bioavailability of oral medications came quite by accident. Interaction of grapefruit juice and calcium channel blockers. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of new antidepressants: A review of the effects on the metabolism of other drugs. The effects of grapefruit juice on sertraline metabolism: An in vitro and in vivo study. Medicinal importance of grapefruit juice and its interaction with various drugs. Grapefruit - medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences? The interaction can happen quickly and last for several days. Older research suggests that eating grapefruit while on sertraline can lead to too much sertraline in the blood due to grapefruit blocking the enzymes needed for metabolism. Grapefruit and sertraline, also known as Zoloft - can have a concerning combined effect if not monitored. This isn’t an exhaustive list of all potential interactions with grapefruit, so discretion in eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice is something to consider until you are aware of the effects of your medication. Some common examples of antipsychotic drugs that interact with grapefruit include: Antipsychotic medicationsĪntipsychotic medications are typically prescribed to people who are experiencing hallucinations and delusions. The most common interaction is seen in the medication felodipine. These medications prevent calcium from entering the heart.Īccording to an older study, calcium channel blockers interact with the components of grapefruit juice to cause problems. Research indicates that some prescriptions that have interactions in this category end in the word “statin,” such as:Ĭalcium channel blockers are a category of medication used to help lower blood pressure. Grapefruit can interact with a variety of cholesterol medications. But some research indicates a reaction between grapefruit and buspirone. Most anti-anxiety medications are safe to take with grapefruit. Older research suggests that these antidepressants may interact with grapefruit: Several medications have poor interactions with grapefruit, not just antidepressants.
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